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Welcome to Mappedin’s History of Mapping.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"There is a distinct dynamic that comes with physical mapping that differs from digital 3D mapping, often times having a much more cultural focus. One thing that also becomes clear as more artifacts are unearthed - many cultures have had established methods of navigating and wayfinding for centuries; these systems differed greatly from Western mapping principles. Just as cultures have had different calendars based on the important events they wanted to mark and ceremonialize, so too have they had unique methods of interacting with the world around them. Systems based on religion, or directions of ceremonial locations; even systems based on planetary alignments, or the ocean, have been found over time.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"In 2018, \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"a paper from German professors\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\" Lars Eckstein and Anja Schwarz was published detailing the specifics of a map originating from Tahiti. Initially, the project was created to discover the differences in how Polynesians created their maps, and what parameters they used that differed from Western methods. However, they soon zeroed in on one map in particular, due to the complexity and seemingly nonsensical style of recording. Created by famed Tahitian navigator Tupaia, this map has baffled historians for centuries.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"6lr2kvcmVpOWkD3Pj2Fzfr\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}},\"content\":[],\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Who was Tupaia? \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Tupaia was a figure from Tahiti who was known to be a navigator, but was also a translator, political advisor, and religious dignitary from the 1700s. His map depicts an area known as the ‘Society Islands’, a range in the South Pacific. Tupaia created the map while he was on board the ship Endeavour as a translator and navigator with explorer James Cook from 1769 to 1770.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Because the map used cardinal directions which did not seem to line up with the ones we are familiar with, it was deemed incorrect and useless, kept for its age and as an important cultural artifact rather than for accuracy. The map also depicted a number of islands that researchers could not identify, as well as ones that existed under different names. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Cultural differences \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"heading-2\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"In actuality, Tupaia’s map was an exercise in cultural differences. His map was actually incredibly accurate, once viewed through the right lens. For instance, his European counterparts aboard the ship with him viewed the world as stationary and the individual as moving through it. For mapping, they measured their location using longitude and latitude, and then created a travel route from there.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Tupaia and the Polynesians viewed themselves as stationary, and believed that the world moved towards them. Tupaia used noon, or “avatea”, also known as the time of day when the sun is at its peak. In order to read the map, you treated every island or land on the map as the centre (depending on where you were), getting your bearings by looking at ‘noon’.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Breakthroughs in mapping \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"heading-2\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Tupaia’s map was the first recorded map to use what could be defined as a roving scale, or utilizing interactive directions. With this in mind, what other differences in how we interact with the world around us exist? Which ones are prevalent? Which ones are not?\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"In addition to the cultural aspect, this showcases that navigation methods are most effective when they are created and optimized to show the most important thing in a culture, society, or organization. If we apply this to our current product line while also staying within accessibility and law guidelines, putting forth the right information (and also allowing translation for that information into different languages) ensures high usage and satisfaction.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"We’re going to continue to explore some of the history and culture around maps and how it can apply to what we do today in the familiar world of digital 3D mapping. Make sure to keep an eye on the blog for the next instalment!\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"}],\"nodeType\":\"document\"}","references":[{"contentful_id":"6lr2kvcmVpOWkD3Pj2Fzfr","__typename":"ContentfulAsset","description":"","file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/6lr2kvcmVpOWkD3Pj2Fzfr/1a4482d68afdf0023f5796922eea1a6a/tupaia.jpeg","contentType":"image/jpeg"}}]},"image":{"file":{"url":"//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/6lr2kvcmVpOWkD3Pj2Fzfr/1a4482d68afdf0023f5796922eea1a6a/tupaia.jpeg"}},"pdf":null,"relatedPosts":[{"title":"History of Mapping: Cartography to Digital and Everything in Between (Part 1)","slug":"history-of-mapping-cartography-to-digital-part-1","content":{"__typename":"ContentfulBlogPost","author":"Shanae Vander Togt","publishDate":"Aug 27, 2019","updatedAt":"Jan 24, 2022","tags":{"category":{"name":"Product","slug":"product"},"topic":{"name":"Indoor Mapping","slug":"indoor-mapping"}},"content":{"raw":"{\"nodeType\":\"document\",\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"While we are often focused on the current and future states of mapping, we rarely get a chance to examine historical methods and how they have had an impact on how we do things today. We want to pay homage to the many different types and styles of mapping, and dig into how we got to where we are. Welcome to Mappedin’s History of Mapping.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\",\"content\":[],\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"4fWcbXQhMzrphQmvhgWLo6\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"As we continue to move through the timeline of mapping and how it has lead us to where we are today, the concept of what defines a \\\"space\\\" continues to come up. Defining a space has encountered many different meanings over the centuries. Spaces have meaning for different people and different reasons. The same space may even provide different meanings for a number of people, like Stonehenge. Accordingly, people used various approaches to visually represent spaces in the past. Societies had to find a common visual language with which they could refer to the spaces they shared.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Outdoors to indoors \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Historically, mapping has been associated with the outdoors while also tying to these shared spaces at a higher level. Over time, consistencies and patterns showed up with regards to how humanity has represented the outdoors. Explorers, tradesmen, and ambassadors alike used maps for the biggest of big pictures - mapping out unknown lands, resources, and peoples.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Maps evolved from the “Here be dragons” mindset, indicating unexplored areas as full of monsters or supernatural elements. As humanity’s understanding of the world grew, so did maps to reflect that understanding. Circular maps used to be the style when we thought the Sun revolved around the Earth, and then further on as we learned that the Earth itself is round.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\",\"content\":[],\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"3ZEvnsZAv661aIFgoMtmK9\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}}},{\"nodeType\":\"blockquote\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"The Fra Mauro Map was created by an Italian cartographer in 1459 and is known to be the most accurate and detailed representation of the world that had been produced up to that point. Interestingly, it is oriented with the South at the top of the map. \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Historically, there were less examples of indoor spaces that were large or complex enough to require a map or directions in order to navigate. The documents that may have existed, if any, for the time period would have been floor plans for building or expansion purposes. One notable exception from history is the \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Edo Castle map\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20170209/p2a/00m/0na/021000c\"}},{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\", detailing out the interior and fortifications of the structure in feudal Japan on the eve of a great battle. While the purpose was to fully expand on the defense capabilities of the castle, it also served as a historical stamp at the time that has been used to restore or re-imagine the historical structure based on what remains today.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\",\"content\":[],\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"29cwHFSU0HhzpLWfa8d29p\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Edo Castle in Matsue, Shimane Prefecture, Japan \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Style swap \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Maps evolved over time, both in style and in use cases. Maps are fundamentally a result of what people need them to do. We need them to mark important resources, to identify hidden treasures, and most importantly, to not lose our way. As structures grew both in size and in purpose, the need for being able to find your way around grew with it. The outdoor principles that applied to mapping are also applied to indoor mapping. These are the guiding principles for creating indoor maps specifically to direct people around an area rather than for business purposes (repairs, utilities, engineering, etc).\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\",\"content\":[],\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"59Qd9VegveCqGyNwiG5JE7\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"In fictional examples, it could be argued that Hogwarts is an example of a large mixed-use space that required a (dynamically changing, even!) map to navigate. \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"It is clear that the importance of wayfinding is not a new one, even with the addition of technology. As mapping purposes grew to evolve from mapping the unknown to better mapping the known, the issue of standards arose again. And this time, it was not only standards that needed to be considered; the purpose and major use case for the map was also crucial to understand. Indoor maps largely consisted of AutoCAD maps, blueprints, or architectural versions. While there was much precedence for outdoor maps, there was almost no precedence for indoor maps or how they should be set up to suit multipurpose needs.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Check out, \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"part two of this blog\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://www.mappedin.com/blog/product/indoor-mapping/history-of-mapping-cartography-to-digital-part-2/\"}},{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\" and join us as we explore how indoor maps have evolved to suit multi-purpose needs, and what they bring from history into the future.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}}]}"},"articleType":"Article","image":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.5,"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/4fWcbXQhMzrphQmvhgWLo6/7a866a96c311d6e1f00a092ac6c3412e/photo-1473163928189-364b2c4e1135.jpeg?w=480&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2)","slug":"history-of-mapping-cartography-to-digital-part-2","content":{"__typename":"ContentfulBlogPost","author":"Shanae Vander Togt","publishDate":"Sep 10, 2019","updatedAt":"Jan 24, 2022","tags":{"category":{"name":"Product","slug":"product"},"topic":{"name":"Indoor Mapping","slug":"indoor-mapping"}},"content":{"raw":"{\"nodeType\":\"document\",\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"While we are often focused on the current and future states of mapping and wayfinding, we rarely get a chance to examine historical methods and how they have had an impact on how we do things today. We want to pay homage to the many different types and styles of mapping, and dig into how we got to where we are. Welcome to Mappedin’s History of Mapping.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"This week is a continuation of the second instalment in the series. \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Part one\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://www.mappedin.com/blog/product/indoor-mapping/history-of-mapping-cartography-to-digital-part-1/\"}},{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\" discussed how maps evolved throughout history and the standards they used to become more publicly widespread. This week, we’re exploring how maps continue to evolve with the addition of technology, and what traditional features and principles have persisted through time.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Over time, the ability to easily print and reproduce copies of maps would have made them more publicly accessible (thanks printing press!). However, up to the turn of the 21st century, most representations of spaces for consumer use were static maps that were typically printed in brochures or pamphlets or at a larger scale for indoor spaces like hospitals or malls.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\",\"content\":[],\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"2X5yd8SXKe6Iz62IEVlzcz\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-2\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"The role of technology\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"As technological developments popularized the touchscreen interface, the way in which information was presented to users changed as well. Enter the shift from static to dynamic. This unlocked the ability to hold more information and present only information relevant to each user was during an interaction. By making information dynamic, it was possible to do away with the cluttered information-overload of a static map, and present information specific to the individual user’s needs.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Mappedin began by identifying a need to have indoor maps for visitors to navigate. There were few providers that were interested in digital mapping of indoor spaces. Those that did work in indoor mapping often only generated a static map, as it was needed for any number of different purposes. Because it took so much time, energy, and resources to create the different versions of maps needed, they were often out of date.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Moving from static to digital helped facilitate the streamlining of this process, and happened through a natural evolution much like traditional maps throughout history. And like those traditional maps, certain features and necessities are needed for a digital experience that people have come to expect. For digital maps, the key is that primary behaviours should be immediately available, or available with as little effort as possible. The idea is that this helps transcend translation, language, cultural, and even main purpose in a property.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-2\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"The new standard \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"How do these changes affect the way maps are designed? Maps have gone from static to interactive. What does this mean for how we build maps? There are a number of features that are common on digital maps now that are meant to consolidate a number of features from static maps that people are familiar with:\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Map orientation\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"People need to easily understand which way they are facing, so that they know where to go. This was sometimes done with north arrow. Representation of streets outside the venue, and a \\\"\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"You are here\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent\"}},{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"\\\" dot. Today this is accomplished with a dynamic ‘You Are Here’ arrow that points in the direction you are facing. The arrow is most intuitive when pointing straight, and as a result the orientation of the map is now even more important.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\",\"content\":[],\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"2rmFUYXnGDAYRyFtuyJ7R\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Clarity\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"While the map information is now dynamic, the map itself should also be as understandable as possible without being too cluttered. The information within the map needs to adapt at different levels to show different details, requiring the ability to zoom in and out.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Colour\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Colour is a useful way to achieve this because colours are still perceived the same way, therefore cartographic principles still apply. This means colours like blue can attributed to spaces such as washrooms (because of the association with water), while green is for landscapes and vegetation in and around the property.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Accessibility\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Inclusivity is very important when it comes to contrast between important map features, as well as important between text labels and background colour. Here, there are guidelines like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"WCAG\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/\"}},{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\") that can be used to gauge if the labels and colours on a map are visually accessible.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-3\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"Symbols\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"The symbols used need to be universally understandable and as consistent as possible. This ties into the colour usage as well as using best practices for UX/UI design - designing for how people use it. These may not always be the best looking designs but they should always be the most intuitive. \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"heading-2\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"The future of mapping \",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}},{\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"nodeType\":\"text\",\"value\":\"As we’ve seen, mapping is a constantly evolving concept as it changes to keep up with the purposes that we use it for. As the purpose changes, so do the standards need to change to ensure that people can easily read a map, find where they are going, and see any notable things that interest them along the way. Therefore, guidelines need to be created and progressed to continue to enable easy and widespread usage. As technology continues to evolve, the usage of maps changes but the need for navigation will always remain the same.\",\"marks\":[],\"data\":{}}],\"data\":{}}]}"},"articleType":"Article","image":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,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","aspectRatio":1.1671554252199414,"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/2X5yd8SXKe6Iz62IEVlzcz/aaa48f2f5f1cc8b543f13c4751f3ec6c/King_of_Prussia.jpeg?w=480&q=50","srcSet":"//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/2X5yd8SXKe6Iz62IEVlzcz/aaa48f2f5f1cc8b543f13c4751f3ec6c/King_of_Prussia.jpeg?w=120&h=103&q=50 120w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/2X5yd8SXKe6Iz62IEVlzcz/aaa48f2f5f1cc8b543f13c4751f3ec6c/King_of_Prussia.jpeg?w=240&h=206&q=50 240w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/2X5yd8SXKe6Iz62IEVlzcz/aaa48f2f5f1cc8b543f13c4751f3ec6c/King_of_Prussia.jpeg?w=398&h=341&q=50 398w","sizes":"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px"}}}},{"title":"GIS for the Non-GIS User","slug":"gis-for-the-non-gis-user","content":{"__typename":"ContentfulBlogPost","author":"Shanae Vander Togt","publishDate":"Oct 8, 2019","updatedAt":"Jan 10, 2022","tags":{"category":{"name":"Product","slug":"product"},"topic":{"name":"Indoor Mapping","slug":"indoor-mapping"}},"content":{"raw":"{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"italic\"}],\"value\":\"In today’s world, there is a lack of efficiency in how people interact with and navigate the indoors as well as how companies manage their property maps. The average American spends 87% of their time indoors and in the digital age, consumers demand accurate, up-to-date, relevant, and personalized information at their fingertips.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"In \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://geoawesomeness.com/the-problem-with-gis-standards/\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"part 1\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\", we explored how Mappedin got here, and how our clients’ needs helped us develop the products we have today. One of the common obstacles we continued to come across was a lack of standards for GIS data, further confusing people who were already struggling to use GIS software in the first place. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"4SWG4Bl8UiX42fKvXtJXPq\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}},\"content\":[],\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"italic\"}],\"value\":\"via \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"https://gisgeography.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Geodata-Feature-1-678x322.png\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"italic\"}],\"value\":\"GISGeography\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Standards that currently exist like Shapefile and GeoJSON operate as guidelines for how things are depicted within a map. However, if there is no common standard for how a door is drawn, or what a wall looks like; points of interest can languish in an ambiguous grey area. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"The overall direction of developing our products has followed a very methodical process. Creating non-GIS tools that export GIS outputs in all accepted standards is a very difficult, but not impossible, goal. Mappedin began with creating a flagship product, our Digital Directories, and a byproduct tool to manage that output. We then discovered that it was actually the tool, our CMS, that was the real value add, and built our entire business around that tool. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"As we have progressed through products and company evolution, we created our own data standard in order to help service the industry and move through common data inconsistency issues. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Open standards for GIS data not only ensure profitability and return on investment, but also “make uniformity, compatibility, and interoperability possible for electronic devices, software applications, and processes in all sectors of \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"http://ggim.un.org/meetings/GGIM-committee/8th-Session/documents/Standards_Guide_2018.pdf\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"a global economy.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"”\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{\"target\":{\"sys\":{\"id\":\"1B9hhVKoouNAUYf7taz4A2\",\"type\":\"Link\",\"linkType\":\"Asset\"}}},\"content\":[],\"nodeType\":\"embedded-asset-block\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"italic\"}],\"value\":\"via \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"},{\"data\":{\"uri\":\"http://ggim.un.org/meetings/GGIM-committee/8th-Session/documents/Standards_Guide_2018.pdf\"},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"italic\"}],\"value\":\"Open Geospatial Consortium\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"hyperlink\"},{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"On our internal quest to create a GIS product for a non-GIS user, similar to Bill Kilday and his team at Keyhole, we always have the end-user in mind. We are designing a product that needs to be easy to use for a number of different user groups (our clients, their tenants and partners, on top of their clients as well) which all have widely different requirements and end goals. These users need the data output quality to be at the same level, regardless of the input. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Above all else, we’ve discovered that the number one thing our product needs to be is accurate. Accuracy is an absolute must when interacting with any kind of navigation and wayfinding experience and is prioritized at the top of the list with our clients as well. In fact, the reason that many of them came to Mappedin in the first place was because of outdated maps that had to be duplicated and were a pain to update regularly. If we can alleviate this pain point for them on top of being able to use one map for multiple solutions, we’re off to a good start.\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"So where does this leave us? Where are we going? Part of \\\"easy to use\\\" includes a common way to depict things, especially when it comes to indoor mapping. We took it upon ourselves to make a standard for our customer base to have a comparative base for how our maps look and feel. We’re moving towards the standardization of maps. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"There should be a standard in an industry where accuracy is everything. In trying to create that standard, we’re ultimately trying to create a basis so that people have more options for the user experiences they can build. \",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"},{\"data\":{},\"content\":[{\"data\":{},\"marks\":[],\"value\":\"Where do you think standards fall in helping to regulate GIS data? How far do you think we are from a globally recognized data standard?\",\"nodeType\":\"text\"}],\"nodeType\":\"paragraph\"}],\"nodeType\":\"document\"}"},"articleType":"Article","image":{"fluid":{"base64":"data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD/4gIcSUNDX1BST0ZJTEUAAQEAAAIMbGNtcwIQAABtbnRyUkdCIFhZWiAH3AABABkAAwApADlhY3NwQVBQTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA9tYAAQAAAADTLWxjbXMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAApkZXNjAAAA/AAAAF5jcHJ0AAABXAAAAAt3dHB0AAABaAAAABRia3B0AAABfAAAABRyWFlaAAABkAAAABRnWFlaAAABpAAAABRiWFlaAAABuAAAABRyVFJDAAABzAAAAEBnVFJDAAABzAAAAEBiVFJDAAABzAAAAEBkZXNjAAAAAAAAAANjMgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB0ZXh0AAAAAElYAABYWVogAAAAAAAA9tYAAQAAAADTLVhZWiAAAAAAAAADFgAAAzMAAAKkWFlaIAAAAAAAAG+iAAA49QAAA5BYWVogAAAAAAAAYpkAALeFAAAY2lhZWiAAAAAAAAAkoAAAD4QAALbPY3VydgAAAAAAAAAaAAAAywHJA2MFkghrC/YQPxVRGzQh8SmQMhg7kkYFUXdd7WtwegWJsZp8rGm/fdPD6TD////bAEMAEAsMDgwKEA4NDhIREBMYKBoYFhYYMSMlHSg6Mz08OTM4N0BIXE5ARFdFNzhQbVFXX2JnaGc+TXF5cGR4XGVnY//bAEMBERISGBUYLxoaL2NCOEJjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY2NjY//AABEIAA0AFAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAYAAACAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwIEBf/EACIQAAIABgICAwAAAAAAAAAAAAECAAMEERIhE1ExYQUicf/EABYBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACA//EABYRAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABEf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AwaSTkByyioG8vMM+RpixGExcbbx8v+diKCVM0gqW+qNa3fuJTJjZK7EsUOrn3GeL0NTLe78YJ7O4IVU1sxptyBsQQkpsf//Z","aspectRatio":1.502439024390244,"src":"//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/1raO8Rlyezr92m1llNTvhA/710aab0d10314c0ff5d13cf3ef4848cf/nasa-_SFJhRPzJHs-unsplash.jpeg?w=480&q=50","srcSet":"//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/1raO8Rlyezr92m1llNTvhA/710aab0d10314c0ff5d13cf3ef4848cf/nasa-_SFJhRPzJHs-unsplash.jpeg?w=120&h=80&q=50 120w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/1raO8Rlyezr92m1llNTvhA/710aab0d10314c0ff5d13cf3ef4848cf/nasa-_SFJhRPzJHs-unsplash.jpeg?w=240&h=160&q=50 240w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/1raO8Rlyezr92m1llNTvhA/710aab0d10314c0ff5d13cf3ef4848cf/nasa-_SFJhRPzJHs-unsplash.jpeg?w=480&h=319&q=50 480w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/1raO8Rlyezr92m1llNTvhA/710aab0d10314c0ff5d13cf3ef4848cf/nasa-_SFJhRPzJHs-unsplash.jpeg?w=720&h=479&q=50 720w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/1raO8Rlyezr92m1llNTvhA/710aab0d10314c0ff5d13cf3ef4848cf/nasa-_SFJhRPzJHs-unsplash.jpeg?w=960&h=639&q=50 960w,\n//images.ctfassets.net/wdjnw2prxlw8/1raO8Rlyezr92m1llNTvhA/710aab0d10314c0ff5d13cf3ef4848cf/nasa-_SFJhRPzJHs-unsplash.jpeg?w=1440&h=958&q=50 1440w","sizes":"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px"}}}}],"tags":{"category":{"slug":"product","name":"Product"},"topic":{"slug":"indoor-mapping","name":"Indoor Mapping"}}}}},"pageContext":{"slug":"history-of-mapping-tupaias-map"}},
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